A - 3 4 0 A T AREAL
NO MORE PRODUCED Native| Translation
------+-----+-----+-----
Form 2.5"/SUPERSLIMLINE Cylinders | 950| |
Capacity form/unform 350/ MB Heads 4| 12| |
Seek time / track 13.0/ 3.0 ms Sector/track | 60| |
Controller IDE / AT Precompensation
Cache/Buffer 32 KB LOOK-AHEAD Landing Zone
Data transfer rate 1.500 MB/S int Bytes/Sector 512
4.000 MB/S ext
Recording method RLL 1/7 operating | non-operating
-------------+--------------
Supply voltage 5 V Temperature *C 5 55 | -40 60
Power: sleep W Humidity % 8 80 | 8 80
standby 0.1 W Altitude km -0.061 3.048| -0.061 12.192
idle 1.3 W Shock g 50 | 100
seek 2.4 W Rotation RPM 3600
read/write 1.9 W Acoustic dBA 33
spin-up 4.0 W ECC Bit 88,REED SOLOMON
MTBF h 150000
Warranty Month 24
Lift/Lock/Park YES Certificates CSA,IEC380,TUV,UL1950
**********************************************************************
L A Y O U T
**********************************************************************
AREAL A175/A340 TECHNICAL MANUAL REV. 1.0, JUNE 15, 1994
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| |XX44
| |XX
| PCBA SIDE |XX I
| |XX N
| |XX T
| |XX E
| |X* R
| |XX F
| |XX A
| |XX C
| |XX E
| |XX
| |XX
| | 2
| |XXJP1
| |XXB
+---------------------------------------------------------+
**********************************************************************
J U M P E R S
**********************************************************************
AREAL A175/A340 TECHNICAL MANUAL REV. 1.0, JUNE 15, 1994
Jumper Setting
==============
x = Factory default configuration
JP1 Master/Slave Configuration
-------------------------------
43-------------------------------------------------+
|o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 1 k C A |
|o o o o o o o o o o o o k o o o o o o o o 2 k D B |
+--------------------------------------------------+
Interface Pins C and D
OPEN Master x
CLOSED Slave
k = removed pins
**********************************************************************
I N S T A L L
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AREAL A175/A340 TECHNICAL MANUAL REV. 1.0, JUNE 15, 1994
Notes on Installation
=====================
Recommended Mounting Configuration
----------------------------------
horizontally vertically
+-----------------+ +--+ +--+
| | | +-----+ +-----+ |
| | | | | | | |
+-+-----------------+-+ | | | | | |
+---------------------+ | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
+---------------------+ | +-----+ +-----+ |
+-+-----------------+-+ +--+ +--+
| |
| |
+-----------------+
This drive is designed to be used in applications where the unit may
experience extreme levels of both shock and vibration. There are no
limits on mounting orientation and mounting clearance is not
required. Maximum insertion length of the 3 mm x .5 screws is 0.118"
(3.00 mm).
Cabling
-------
All 2.5 inch AT/IDE interface drives use a 44 pin male connector that
incorporates power, control, and data signals. This configuration
differs from the 3.5 inch IDE drives which employ a 40 pin signal
connector and separate 4 pin power connector. Therefore, if you are
replacing an existing 3.5 inch disk drive and are faced with a 40 pin
connector, you will need an adapter card (part #10421). If your
computer was designed for 2.5" hard drives, there will be a 44 pin
connection on the motherboard.
Since power and ground are present at the interface connector, damage
could be induced by offset or upside down connection. Please ensure
that pin 20 of your system's female connector is properly keyed.
Adapter Board
-------------
GND +5VDC
+----+-++
|O O O O|
++ +-----+-+
|+- Pin 44 | ++
|+----------------+ +------++ Pin 40
|+-------------------++-----++
|+--------------------++----++
|+---------------------++---++
|+----------------------+
||
|| ||
|| ||
|+-----------------------+
++Pin 1 +--++ Pin 1
++
Physical Connection - AT Interface
----------------------------------
Both power and control signals are supplied to the drive through a
single 44 pin cable. Please note that separate power is supplied to
the logic and motor circuits to minimize noise coupling.
Maximum length of this 44 pin cable is 18 inches (457 mm) since it is
TTL driven. Two drives may be daisy chained on this cable, however,
the cable remains restricted to 18 inches.
Recommended mating connectors are as follows:
+-------------------+-------------+---------+-------------------+
|Connector Style | 3M |Dupont | Elco |
+-------------------+-------------+---------+-------------------+
|Flex Cable |N/A |86456-044|N/A |
+-------------------+-------------+---------+-------------------+
|Ribbon Cable |N/A |N/A |20-8394-2044-04-101|
+-------------------+-------------+---------+-------------------+
|PCBA Straight |N/A |86455-044|20-8390-2044-00-101|
+-------------------+-------------+---------+-------------------+
|PCBA Rigth Angle | | | |
|Areal Org. Height |150250-5122TH|N/A |N/A |
|MCC Spec Height |150250-5222TH|88333-044|20-8390-2044-04-101|
+-------------------+-------------+---------+-------------------+
Electrical Description - AT Interface
-------------------------------------
All signal levels are TTL compatible. A logic "1" is from 2.0 volts
to 5 volts. A logic "0" is from 0.0 volts to 0.7 volts.
The interface between the drive adapter and the drive is termed the
"Host Interface". The set of registers in the I/O space of the Host
is known as the "Task File".
All signals on the Host Interface have the prefix Host. All negativ-
ely active signals are prefixed with a "-" designation. All positiv-
ely signals are prefixed with a "+" designation. Signals whose source
is the Host are "outbound" and those whose source is the drive are
"inbound".
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
| Pin | Signal | Pin | Signal |
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
| 01 | -Host Reset | 02 | Gnd |
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
| 03 | +Host Data 7 | 04 | +Host Data 8 |
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
| 05 | +Host Data 6 | 06 | +Host Data 9 |
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
| 07 | +Host Data 5 | 08 | +Host Data 10 |
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
| 09 | +Host Data 4 | 10 | +Host Data 11 |
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
| 11 | +Host Data 3 | 12 | +Host Data 12 |
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
| 13 | +Host Data 2 | 14 | +Host Data 13 |
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
| 15 | +Host Data 1 | 16 | +Host Data 14 |
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
| 17 | +Host Data 0 | 18 | +Host Data 15 |
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
| 19 | Gnd | 20 | Key |
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
| 21 | Not Connected | 22 | Gnd |
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
| 23 | -Host IOW | 24 | Gnd |
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
| 25 | -Host IOR | 26 | Gnd |
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
| 27 | -IOCHRDY | 28 | Not Connected |
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
| 29 | Not Used | 30 | Gnd |
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
| 31 | +Host IRQ | 32 | -Host IO16 |
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
| 33 | +Host Address 1 | 34 | -Host PDIAG |
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
| 35 | +Host Address 0 | 36 | +Host Address 2|
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
| 37 | -Host CS0 | 38 | -Host CS1 |
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
| 39 | -Host Active/Slave| 40 | Gnd |
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
| 41 | +5 Volt Logic | 42 | +5 Volt Motor |
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
| 43 | Gnd | 44 | +AT Interface |
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
| E | NO PIN | F | NO PIN |
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
| C | Master/Slave | D | Master/Slave |
| A | Test Only | B | Test Only |
+------+-------------------+------+----------------+
Air Filtration System
---------------------
Recirculated air is forced through an electrostatic filter, providing
a clean environment for the recording heads and disks.
**********************************************************************
F E A T U R E S
**********************************************************************
AREAL A175/A340 TECHNICAL MANUAL REV. 1.0, JUNE 15, 1994
Introduction
------------
Areal Models A175 and A340 are 2.5 inch, high capacity, rugged, high
performance, low power, low profile disk drives. By design, they are
ideal for notebook, laptop, or portable applications.
Both incorporate the IBM PC-AT Task File control logic and require
only chip select decode logic to allow bus connection. This logic is
typically embedded in your computer motherboard.
Overview
--------
This Technical Manual describes all physical and electrical
characteristics necessary to utilize the A175 or A340 in AT mode.
Key Features
- Automatic Microprocessor Controlled Diagnostics
- Automatic Read Look Ahead
- Buffer Size of 32 KB, 64 KB or 128 KB
- Embedded Servo System with DSP Control
- Extremely Low Power Requirement
- Internal Air Filtration System
- Lightweight at Less than 5 Ounces
- Programmable Low Power Modes
- Reed Solomon Error Correction on the Fly
- Constant Density Recording Method
- 100 G Non-Operating Shock Tolerance
Functional Description
----------------------
The A175/A340 contains all necessary mechanical and electronic parts
to interpret control signals, position the heads, read and write
data, and provide a contaminant free environment for the heads and
disks.
Drive Mechanism
---------------
A brushless DC motor rotates the spindle at 3600 RPM. Back EMF of the
motor is used to quickly stop the spindle when power is removed.
Error Correction
----------------
The A175/A340 employs an 88 bit Reed Solomon polynominal for Data
Field error detection and correction, plus a 16 bit CRC code for ID
Field error detection. Single 11 bit burst can be corrected on the
fly.
Head Positioner Mechanism
-------------------------
The read/write heads are positioned by a rotary voice coil actuator
which employs DSP control to ensure seek accuracy.
Formatting
----------
Once the drive has been partitioned, DOS requires that it be format-
ted. Formatting checks for defective sectors (and deallocates them if
necessary) and builds the FAT (file allocation table). Make sure to
use the "/s" option so that your hard drive will be bootable.
Example: type "FORMAT C:/S". Format will only recognize hard drives
that have valid DOS partitions, therefore FDISK must precede
formatting.
If an "Invalid Drive Specification" error is reported, the drive has
not successfully been partitioned. Please run FDISK once more.
To format the drive with other operating systems, see the manuals
that came with the system.
Setup Table Alteration
----------------------
Whenever a peripheral device is changed or assed, your computer's
CMOS table may require modification. This table is typically
accessed at power on by pressing the "Del" key, or by running the
"Setup" program.
Once inside this setup program, you will be prompted for various
parameters, but only need to specify the number of heads, sectors,
and cylinders. Other variables such as write current, landing zone,
etc., are determined by Areal engineering during the design phase
and are hard coded into the drive. The A175 is most efficient when
specified as a 6 head, 60 sector, 950 cylinder device. The A340
is most efficient when specified as a 12 head, 60 sector, 950
cylinder device.
These exact parameters may not be available as an existing drive
type. If this is the case, please locate the user definable BIOS
entry (typically 47,48 or 49) and enter the parameter listed above.
From these parameters, you can calculate total capacity of the A340
for example as 950 x 12 x 60 x 512 = 350,208,000 bytes, however, even
on a freshly formatted disk this total capacity cannot be used by the
user, since some data space is used by the operating system for
directory space, etc.
Most programs report capacity in this '350 million byte' format,
however, some programs such as FDISK still use the old standard of
'megabytes'. In the megabyte measurement, total byte capacity is
devided by 1.024 x 1.024, reducing the reported capacity to 333.98
megabytes.
Seek Time
---------
+----------------------------------+--------+
| |A340/175|
+----------------------------------+--------+
|Track-to-Track msec. typ. | 3 |
+----------------------------------+--------+
|Average msec. typ. | 13.0 |
| msec. max. | 25 |
+----------------------------------+--------+
|Latency msec. avg. | 8.33 |
+----------------------------------+--------+
Read Look Ahead
---------------
Read look ahead will improve the read performance of the drive when
sequential data is requested. When a Read command is issued to the
drive the requested data is put into the read look ahead buffer. The
drive will then continue to look ahead and read the remaining sectors
until the buffer is full. This process will be interrupted if the
drive receives another command.
Write Cache
-----------
Write cache will improve system performance under normal operations
involving writes to the drive. The write data i sput into the high
speed memory buffer before being written to the actual disk, thus
freeing the host system to perform other tasks.
Read/Write and Control Electronics
----------------------------------
Internally, a single preamp IC is mounted in close proximity to the
heads to control head selection, read preamplification, and write
data circuitry.
The microprocessor controlled circuit board provides the remaining
electronic functions which include:
- Spindle Motor Control
- Power Management
- Rotary Actuator Control
- Interface Control
- Read/Write Circuitry
- Spin Speed Control
The microprocessor performs an extensive battery of tests when power
is applied and will not come READY is an error is detected.
Read/Write Heads and Disks
--------------------------
Data is recorded on 65 mm diameter glass disk(s) using thin film
heads.
Execute Drive Diagnostic Command -90
------------------------------------
This command directs the drive(s) to perform internal diagnostic
tests. The DRV bit is ignored.
In a single drive system, drive 0 performs the following sequence:
1. complete its diagnostics and post the results
2. clear BSY and generate an interrupt
In a dual drive system, drive 0 performs the following sequence:
1. complete its diagnostics
2. wait for the slave to report its diagnostic results (up to 5
seconds)
3. if both master and slave pass (assert PDIAG), the master sets bit
7 of the Error register to zero.
4. if the master fails, it sets the Error register as below:
5. if the slave fails, the master will "OR" 80h with the slaves
status and set the Error register as follows:
+-------------+---------------------------+
|ERROR CODE | DESCRIPTION |
+-------------+---------------------------+
| 01 | no error detected |
+-------------+---------------------------+
| 03 | sector buffer error |
+-------------+---------------------------+
| 04 | ECC circuitry error |
+-------------+---------------------------+
| 05 | control processor error |
+-------------+---------------------------+
| 8x | slave drive failed |
+-------------+---------------------------+
Error Reporting
---------------
When the drive receives a command from the Host, it checks for
validity of the command, and with the exception of the Initialize
Drive Parameters command, also checks register values for valid
range. If the values are invalid, the drive does not execute the
command, but instead posts the "ERR" bit in the Status register and
the "ABRT" bit in the Error register.
If a data error occurs during command execution, the command is
terminated immediately. Valid errors are listed in the following
table:
-----------------+---------------------+---------------------+
COMMAND |ERROR REGISTER |STATUS REGISTER |
+---------------------+---------------------+
|BBK|UNC|IDNF|ABRT|TK0|DRDY|DSC|DWF|CORR|ERR|
-----------------+---+---+----+----+---+----+---+---+----+---+
Exec. Drive Diag.| | | | V | | | | | | V |
-----------------+---+---+----+----+---+----+---+---+----+---+
Format Track | | | V | V | | V | V | V | | V |
-----------------+---+---+----+----+---+----+---+---+----+---+
Identify Drive | | | | V | | V | V | V | | V |
-----------------+---+---+----+----+---+----+---+---+----+---+
Initi. Parameters| | | | V | | | | | | V |
-----------------+---+---+----+----+---+----+---+---+----+---+
Power Commands | | | | V | | | | | | V |
-----------------+---+---+----+----+---+----+---+---+----+---+
Recalibrate | | | | V | V | V | V | V | | V |
-----------------+---+---+----+----+---+----+---+---+----+---+
Read/Write Buffer| | | | V | | | | | | V |
-----------------+---+---+----+----+---+----+---+---+----+---+
Read Long | V | | V | V | | V | V | V | | V |
-----------------+---+---+----+----+---+----+---+---+----+---+
Read Multiple | V | V | V | V | | V | V | V | V | V |
-----------------+---+---+----+----+---+----+---+---+----+---+
Read Sectors | V | V | V | V | | V | V | V | V | V |
-----------------+---+---+----+----+---+----+---+---+----+---+
Read Verify Sec. | V | V | V | V | | V | V | V | V | V |
-----------------+---+---+----+----+---+----+---+---+----+---+
Seek | | | V | V | | V | V | V | | V |
-----------------+---+---+----+----+---+----+---+---+----+---+
Set Multiple | | | | V | | V | V | V | | V |
-----------------+---+---+----+----+---+----+---+---+----+---+
Write Long | V | | V | V | | V | V | V | | V |
-----------------+---+---+----+----+---+----+---+---+----+---+
Write Multiple | V | | V | V | | V | V | V | | V |
-----------------+---+---+----+----+---+----+---+---+----+---+
Write Sectors | V | | V | V | | V | V | V | | V |
-----------------+---+---+----+----+---+----+---+---+----+---+
Write Verify | V | V | V | V | | V | V | V | V | V |
-----------------+---+---+----+----+---+----+---+---+----+---+
Key:
V = Valid errors for each command
ABRT = Command aborted
BBK = Bad block detected
CORR = Data error corrected by ECC
DRDY = Drive not ready
DSC = Disk seek complete not detected
DWF = Drive write fault detected
ERR = Error detected
IDNF = ID mark not found
TK0 = Track zero not found error
UNC = Uncorrectable data error