E M P I R E 1 4 0 0 S QUANTUM
Native| Translation
------+-----+-----+-----
Form 3.5"/SLIMLINE Cylinders 3053| | |
Capacity form/unform 1400/ MB Heads 8| | |
Seek time / track 9.0/ 1.8 ms Sector/track | | |
Controller SCSI2/3 SI/FAST Precompensation
Cache/Buffer 512 KB LOOK-AHEAD Landing Zone
Data transfer rate MB/S int Bytes/Sector 512
10.000 MB/S ext SYNC
Recording method PRML 8/9 operating | non-operating
-------------+--------------
Supply voltage 5/12 V Temperature *C 55 | -40 75
Power: sleep W Humidity % 5 95 | 5 95
standby W Altitude km -0.061 3.000| -0.300 12.000
idle 8.2 W Shock g 10 | 60
seek 10.5 W Rotation RPM 5400
read/write 9.1 W Acoustic dBA 37
spin-up W ECC Bit 112,REED SOLOMON
MTBF h 500000
Warranty Month 60
Lift/Lock/Park YES Certificates CSA,FCC,TUV,UL1950,VDE
**********************************************************************
L A Y O U T
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QUANTUM EMPIRE 1400S PRODUCT MANUAL 81-107241-01 JUNE 1994
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| SS+++++++++A2 |XX J1
| ++++++++++ ++|XX
| |||XX
| Terminator|||XX I
| ++|XX N
| ++|XX T
| J13+|XX E
| ++|XX R
| TE+|XX F
++Alternate ++|XX A
||Address Terminator|||XX C
++ |||XX E
| ++|X1
++LED |
++ |XX J3
| |XX Power
+---------------------------------------------------------+ 1
**********************************************************************
J U M P E R S
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QUANTUM EMPIRE 1400/2100S PRODUCT MANUAL 81-107241-01 JUNE 1994
Jumper Setting
==============
x = Jumper set at factory
---------------------------------A1---------+
+-+-+-+-+-+A0-+-+-A2 |XX J1
|x| |x|X| | | |X|X| JP1 |XX
+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+ |XX
| | | | +-+-+ |XX
| | | | + SCSI ID
| | | +------ WS
| | +-------- EP
| +---------- PF (Factory RESERVED)
+-------------- SS (Factory RESERVED)
x = FACTORY RESERVED!
On the Drive's PCBA, there are ten pairs of jumper pins, usually
called jumpers, that control the drive's operation. (In addition,
numerous options controlled by SCSI commands affect the operation of
the drive.) Four of these jumper pins, PF, SS, INT, and I/O, are re-
served for factory use. However, you might need to change some of the
other six jumpers to configure the drive properly. These user-
configurable jumpers include:
* TE - Termination Enable Jumper
* EP - Enable Parity Jumper
* WS - Wait/Spin Jumper
* A2,A1,A0 - SCSI-Bus Identification Jumpers
* J13 - SCSI Termination Power Jumper
When you change any jumper setting but J13, the new setting is in
effect the next time the drive is powered on. J13 immediately affects
the SCSI terminator power source.
+---------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+
| Jumper | Setting | Description |
+---------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+
| TE | OPEN | Termination Disabled |
| | CLOSED x | Termination Enabled |
+---------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+
| EP | CLOSED x | Parity checking enabled |
| | OPEN | Parity checking disabled |
+---------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+
| WS | OPEN x | Wait/Spin disabled |
| | CLOSED | Wait/Spin enabled |
+---------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+
| A2,A1,A0| - | These jumpers are used in combination to |
| | | determine the drive's SCSI ID. |
+---------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+
| J13 | CLOSED x | SCSI terminator power supplied by the host |
| | OPEN | SCSI terminator power supplied by the drive|
+---------+-----------+--------------------------------------------+
TE Termination Enable Jumper
----------------------------
One of the requirements of the SCSI bus is that it be terminated with
proper termination resistors. If more than one hard disk device is
connected to the host, the last one must be terminated. The TE
(Termination Enable) jumper, when installed, connects power to the
terminating resistors. With the TE jumper off, no termination power
is connected.
At the factory, Quantum configure the Empire 1400/2100S hard disk
drive with termination power enabled; that is, with a jumper
installed across the pins labeled TE. To disable termination, remove
the jumper from the TE pins and remove the termination resistor
packages.
If the TE jumper is not installed, the two termination resistor
packages must be physically removed from the PCB in order to avoid
loading down the SCSI bus. Make sure the package is oriented
properly, with pin 1 on the package inserted into the pin 1 location
on the PCB. The package is not keyed, so it can be inserted backwards
if precautions are not taken.
dot by pin 1
+-------------------+
|x |Termination resistor package
| ++-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-++
| |1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10
| |
| * o o o o o o o o o |
| |
+-PCB---------------------+
EP Enable Parity Jumper
------------------------
The Enable Parity (EP) jumper controls parity checking across the
SCSI bus. With parity checking enabled, the drive performs parity
checking. With parity checking disabled, the drive continues to
generate parity information, but not perform parity checking.
At the factory Quantum configures the Empire 1400/2100S hard disk
drive with parity enabled; that is, with a jumper installed across
the pins labeled EP. To disable parity checking, remove the jumper
from the EP pins.
WS Wait/Spin Jumper
--------------------
With the Wait/Spin (WS) jumper disabled, at a power on or reset, the
drive motor starts to spin automatically, and the drive prepares
itself to perform read or write operations without the need for a
start command. At a power or reset, with the Wait/Spin jumper
enabled, the host must send a START/STOP UNIT command to activate the
drive motor for read or write operations. In addition, with the W/S
jumper enabled, the drive performs power sequencing to prevent an
overload of the host's power supply due to simultaneous, peak start-
up current demands from multiple devices.
At the factory, Quantum configures the Empire 1400/2100S hard disk
drive with the Wait/spin jumper disabled; that is, without a jumper
installed across the pins labeled WS. To enable the Wait/spin jumper,
install a jumper across the WS pins.
A2/A1/A0 SCSI-Bus Device Identification
----------------------------------------
Used in combination, the jumper settings across A2, A1, and A0 de-
termine the Empire 1400/2100S hard disk drive's SCSI-bus device
identification (SCSI ID). By default, Quantum configures the drive
with a SCSI ID of six; that is, with jumpers installed across the
pins labeled A2 and A1, and no jumper installed across the pins
labeled A0.
+----------+-----------------------+
| SCSI ID | Jumpers |
| | A2 | A1 | A0 |
+----------+-------+-------+-------+
| 0 | OPEN | OPEN | OPEN |
+----------+-------+-------+-------+
| 1 | OPEN | OPEN | CLOSED|
+----------+-------+-------+-------+
| 2 | OPEN | CLOSED| OPEN |
+----------+-------+-------+-------+
| 3 | OPEN | CLOSED| CLOSED|
+----------+-------+-------+-------+
| 4 | CLOSED| OPEN | OPEN |
+----------+-------+-------+-------+
| 5 | CLOSED| OPEN | CLOSED|
+----------+-------+-------+-------+
|x 6 | CLOSED| CLOSED| OPEN |
+----------+-------+-------+-------+
| 7 | CLOSED| CLOSED| CLOSED|
+----------+-------+-------+-------+
The SCSI bus supports up to eigth devices, including the host system.
A device's identification number determines its priority and must be
unique in the system.
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I N S T A L L
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QUANTUM EMPIRE 1400/2100S PRODUCT MANUAL 81-107241-01 JUNE 1994
Notes on installation
=====================
Installation direction
----------------------
horizontally vertically
+-----------------+ +--+ +--+
| | | +-----+ +-----+ |
| | | | | | | |
+-+-----------------+-+ | | | | | |
+---------------------+ | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
+---------------------+ | +-----+ +-----+ |
+-+-----------------+-+ +--+ +--+
| |
| |
+-----------------+
The drive will operate in all axis (6 directions).
Orientation
-----------
The mounting holes on the Empire 1400/2100S hard disk drive allow the
drive to be mounted in any orientation.
Mounting
--------
Drive mounting orientation, clearance, and ventilation requirements
are described in the following subsections. For mounting, #6-32 UNC
screws are recommended. To avoid stripping the mounting-hole threads,
the maximum torque applied to the screws must not exceed 8 inch-
pounds.
Clearance
---------
The printed-circuit board assembly (PCBA) is very close to the
mounting holes. Clearance from the drive to any other surface -
except mounting surfaces - must be 2.6 millimeters (0.10 inches)
minimum. The specified screw length allows full use of the mounting-
hole threads, while avoiding damaging or placing unwanted stress on
the PCBA.
Ventilation
-----------
The Empire 1400/2100S hard disk drives operates without a cooling
fan, provided the ambient air temperature does not exceed 131*F
(55*C).
J3 DC Power Connector
---------------------
The drive's DC power connector (J3) is mounted on the back edge of
the Printed-Circuit Board (PCB).
Recommended connectors and their numbers:
4-pin connector: AMP P/N 1-480424-0 or equivalent
Loose-piece contacts: AMP P/N 60619-1 or equivalent (20-14 ga.)
Strip contacts: AMP P/N 61117-1 or equivalent (20-14 ga.)
pin 1 +12 VDC
pin 2 +12 Volts Return (Ground)
pin 3 + 5 Volts Return (Ground)
pin 4 + 5 VDC
Note:
Labels indicate the pin numbers on the connector. Pins 2 and 3
(ground returns) are connected on the drive PCBA.
J1 SCSI Connector 50-PIN
-------------------------
The SCSI cable connector (J1) on the Empire 1400/2100S hard disk
drive is a 50-pin universal header. A key slot on the header prevents
the incorrect installation of the header connector on the SCSI cable.
To prevent the header connector on the SCSI cable from being plugged
in backwards, use only a keyed header connector.
Recommended header connectors and their part numbers:
50-pin connector (base part) AMP P/N 1-746195-2, or equivalent
50-pin connector strain relief AMP P/N 1-499508-2 or equivalent
+----------------------------------------+
| |
| |
| +-----J1-SCSI----------------Power---+ |
| |+-------------------------++4-3-2-1+| |
| ||oooooooooooooooooooooooo1||O O O O|| |
| ||ooooooooooooooooooooooooo|| || |
| |+-Interface-Connector-----++--J3---+| |
+-+------------------------------------+-+
Power
-----
The Empire 1400/2100S hard disk drive operates from two supply
voltages:
* +12V +10% - 7%
* + 5V 5%
The allowable ripple and noise for each voltage is 200 mV peak-to-
peak for the +12 Vdc supply and 100 mV peak-to-peak for the +5 Vdc
supply.
Power Sequencing
----------------
You can apply the power in any order or manner, or short or open
either the power or power-return line with no loss of data or damage
to the disk drive. However, data might be lost in the sector being
written at the time of power loss. The drive can withstand transient
voltages of +10% to -100% from nominal while powering up or down.
Air Filter
----------
Empire hard disk drives are Winchster-type drives. The heads fly very
close to the media surface, at a nominal flying height of 0.3
microinches. Therefore, it is essential that the air circulating
within the drive be kept free of paticles. Quantum assembles the
drive in a Class-100, purified-air environment, sealing the drive
mechanism under a metal cover. When the drive is in use, the rotation
of the disks forces the air inside the drive through an internal
filter.
Disk Caching
------------
The Empire 1400/2100S hard disk drive incorporates DisCache, a 512KB
disk cache, to enhance drive performance. 256 KB are allocated to the
Read Cache and 128 KB are allocated to the write cache. This
integrated feature can significantly improve system throughput. Read
and write caching can be enabled or disabled using the MODE SELECT
command.
Acoustics
---------
+-----------------+----------------+----------+
| Operating Mode | Measured Noise | Distance |
+-----------------+----------------+----------+
| Idle On Track | 35 dBA (mean) | (1 m) |
| | 38 dBA (max.) | 39.4 in |
+-----------------+----------------+----------+
| Seeking Random | TBD | 39.4 in |
| | | (1 m) |
+-----------------+----------------+----------+
Automatic Actuator Lock
-----------------------
To ensure data integrity and prevent damage during shipment, the
Empire 1400/2100S uses a dedicated landing zone and Quantum's
patented AIRLOCK. The AIRLOCK holds the headstack in the landing zone
whenever the disks are not rotating. It consists of an air vane
mounted near the perimeter of the disk stack and a locking arm that
restrains the actuator arm assembly.
When power is applied to the motor and the disk stack rotates, the
rotation generates an airflow on the surface of the disk. As the flow
of air across the air vane increases with disk rotation, the locking
arm pivots away from the actuator arm, enabling the headstack to move
out of the landing. When DC power is removed from the motor, an
electric return mechanism automatically pulls the actuator into the
landing zone, where the AIRLOCK holds it in place.
Microcomputer/DSP Interface
---------------------------
The microcomputer and DSP operate in a master/slave relationship. The
microcomputer is the master, and is able to read any location in the
DSP's data or program memory, and can write to any RAM-based data or
programm memory locations. A single exchange, which can occur once
per control interval (twice per servo sample) involves either a read
or a write of a single DSP memory location. The DSP code is
structured such that a single write can initiate a seek.
**********************************************************************
F E A T U R E S
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QUANTUM EMPIRE 1400/2100S PRODUCT MANUAL 81-107241-01 JUNE 1994
Product Overview
----------------
Quantum's Empire 1400/2100S hard disk drives are part of a family
of high-performance, 1-inch- and 1.6-high, hard disk drives
manufactured to meet the highest product quality standards. Empire
hard disk drives use nonremovable, 3.5-inch hard disks.
The Empire 1400/2100S hard disk drives feature an embedded SCSI drive
controller and use SCSI commands. The drive manages media defects
and error recovery internally, so these operations are transparent
to the user.
Formatted Capacity
------------------
At the factory, the Empire 1400/2100S receives a low-level format
that creates the actual tracks and sectors on the drive.
Track Formatting
----------------
The Empire 1400/2100S hard disk drive is shipped from the factory
with all of the physical sector addresses prewritten on the surface
of the disk. The drives can be configured in the field with sector
sizes of 512, 520, 524, 1024 and 2048 bytes (Variable sector sizes).
Each track on the disk surface can be visualized as a thin magnetic
concentric ring that is divided into identical sectors. There can be
from 72 to 137 sectors on a single track, depending on where the
track is located. The tracks located toward the outer perimeter of
the disk contain more sectors than those toward the inner parameter.
Each sector contains a set of predefined field. These fields are
grouped into two categories: ID and Data. The ID fields contain
addressing information so that the firmware can locate a sector of
interest for reading or writing.
Reliability
-----------
Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF): 500,000 Power On Hours (POH),
typical usage
Preventive Maintenance (PM): None
Mean Time To Repair (MTTR): 30 minutes
Start/Stop: 20,000 cycles (minimum)
Defect Management
-----------------
The Empire 1400/2100S allocates four sector per cylinder as spares.
In the factory, the media is scanned for defects. If a sector on a
cylinder is found to be defective, the address of the sector is
added to the drive's defect list. Sectors located physically
subsequent to the defective sector are assigned logical block
addresses such that a sequential ordering of logical blocks results.
This inline sparing technique is employed in an attempt to eliminate
slow data transfer that would result from a offline defect sparing.
If more than four sector is found defective on a cylinder, the inline
sparing technique is applied only to the first sector. The remaining
defective sectors are replaced with the nearest available spare
sectors on nearby cylinders. Such an assignment of additional
replacement sectors from nearby sectors rather than having a central
pool of spare sectors is an attempt to minimize the motion of the
actuator and head that otherwise would be needed to find a replace-
ment sector. The result is minimal reduction of data throughput.
Error Correction Code and ECC On-The-Fly
----------------------------------------
The Empire 1400/2100S hard disk drive implements a 14byte, three-way
interleaved Reed-Solomom error detection and correction algorithm.
Single burst errors of up to to 24 bits within one sector can be
corrected "on-the-fly", in real time as they occur, allowing a high
degree of data integrity with no impact to the drive's performance.
The drive does not need to re-read sector on the next disk revolu-
tion or apply ECC for those errors that are corrected on-the-fly.
Errors corrected in this manner are invisible to the host system. The
drive does not report a recovered error unless it needs more than two
disk revolutions to correct the error.
When errors cannot be corrected on-the-fly, an automatic retry and a
more rigorous double burts error correction algorithm enable the
correction of any sector with two burst of three incorrect bytes
each. In addition to this error correction capability, the drive's
implementation of an additional cross-checking code and algorithm
double checks the main ECC correction and greatly improves the
probability of miscorrection.
Seek Times
----------
+-----------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+
|Times | Typical | Nominal | Maximum |
|msec. | Nominal | Condition | Worst-Case |
+-----------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+
|Single Track Seek | 1.8 | 3 | 3.5 |
+-----------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+
|Average Seek | 9.5 | 11 | 12 |
+-----------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+
|1/3-Stroke Seek | 11 | 13 | TBD |
+-----------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+
|Full-Stroke Seek | 19 | 25 | 27 |
+-----------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+
|Average Write | 11 | 12.5 | 13.5 |
+-----------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+
|Average Rotational | | | |
|Latency | 5.56 | 5.56 | 5.56 |
+-----------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+
|Sequential Head Switch | TBD | TBD | 3 |
+-----------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+
Spindle Motor
-------------
The Empire 1400/2100S spindle motor is a three-phase motor and is
responsible for spinning the disks at a rotational speed 5400 0.1%.
The spindle motor is Y-wound, with the center tap (neutral) brought
out. The motor contains eight poles and operates as a three-phase
device.
Hardware Requirements
---------------------
Empire 1400/2100S hard disk drives are compatible with host computers
and controllers that provide a SCSI, SCSI-2 or SCSI-3 interface.